الوسم: perfect
Future continuous
- Don’t ring at 8 o’clock. I’ll be watching Who Wants to be a Millionaire.
- This time tomorrow we’ll be sitting on the beach. I can’t wait!
We use the future continuous to talk about something that will be in progress at or around a time in the future.
-
Don’t phone grandma now, she’ll be having dinner.
-
The kids are very quiet. They’ll be doing something wrong, I know it!
Future Perfect
-
Do you think you will have finished it by next Thursday?
-
In 5 years time I’ll have finished university and I’ll be able to earn some money at last.
We often use the future perfect with ‘by’ or ‘in’
-
I think astronauts will have landed on Mars by the year 2022.
-
I’ll have finished in an hour and then you can use the computer.
-
I promise I’ll have done all the work by next Saturday.
السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
1. Form
she,he,it+has+ the past participle of the main verb.
they,we,i,you+have+ the past participle of the main verb.
2. Use
The present perfect is used for a complete action: We are thinking of the result when describing:
EXAMPLES:
1. An action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present.
I have lived in Canada since 1984. (and I still do)
2. An action performed during a period that has not yet finished.
She has been to the doctor twice this week. (and the week isn’t over yet)
3. A repeated action in an unspecified period between the past and now.
We have visited London several times.
4. An action that was completed in the very recent past (expressed by ‘just’)
I have just finished my work.
5. An action when the result is very important but the time is not.
He has seen ‘Harry Potter’.
Present perfect OR past simple?
Very Important: When we want to give or ask details about when, where, who, we use the simple past.
Example: He saw ‘Harry Potter’ last week.
Use the present perfect when the time is not important.
Use the simple past when the time or place is important.
PRESENT PERFECT + for, since
When talking about the length of time (duration), we use the present perfect with for + a period of time.
When talking about a starting point, we use the present perfect with since + a point in time.
For + a period of time:
for six years, for a week, for a month, for hours, for two hours.
I have worked here for five years. She has lived here for twenty years. They have been married for six months.
Since + a point in time:
since this morning, since last week, since yesterday,
since I was 12, since Friday, since 6 o’clock.
I have lived here since 1998. They have been married since June. We have been at this school since last year.
F PRESENT PERFECT + adverbs (ever, never, already, yet, still)
‘Ever’ and ‘never’ are always placed before the past participle.
‘Ever’ = sometime before now, is used:
a. in questions
Have you ever been to Canada?
Has she ever met someone famous?
b. in negative questions
Haven’t they ever been to Canada?
Haven’t you ever eaten Thai food?
c. and in negative statements using the pattern nothing…….ever, nobody…….ever e.g.
Nobody has ever said that to me before.
Nothing like that has ever happened to me.
d. ‘Ever’ is also used with ‘The first time…. e.g.
It’s the first time I’ve ever eaten Thai food.
This is the first time I’ve ever been to Canada.
‘Never’ = not ever. Never is used after have/has.
I have never visited London. I’ve never been so sick.
Already, yet and still. It can be placed before the main verb (past participle) or at the end of the sentence.
Already = sooner than expected, is used:
a. I’ve already heard the story five times.
b. Most people have already gone.
It is also used in questions:
a. Have you already rang Mike?
b. Has he arrived already?
Yet is used in negative statements and questions when we are expecting something to happen and goes at the end of the sentence.
a. Have you bought a ticket yet?
b. I haven’t met her yet.
c. Has your course started yet?
d. They haven’t arrived yet.
Still = continuing longer than expected. Still is stronger than yet and often expresses surprise that a situation has continued for so long.
a. She isn’t home yet. She’s still at work.
b. I still haven’t found what I’m looking for.
c. I’m still thinking about it.
The past Perfect
الماضي التام
متى نستخدم الماضي التام؟
نستخدم الماضي التام عندما تكون عندنا جملة فيها حدثين حصلا في الماضي ونريد أن نبين بأن الحدث الأول سبق الحدث الثاني.مثلا:
البارحة؛ شاهدت التلفزيون بعد ذالك ذهبت إلى الفراش. (في هذه الجملة يوجد حدثين. الأول هو مشاهدة التلفزيون و الثاني هو الذهاب إلى الفراش. لكي نميز في اللغة الإنجليزية بأن الحدث الأول وقع قبل الحدث الثاني نضع الفعل في الحدث الأول في الماضي التام ونضع الفعل في الحدث الثاني في الماضي البسيط) فنقول:
الجملة بصوتLast night , after I had watched television I went to bed
البارحة بعدما شاهدت التلفزيون ذهبت إلى الفراش
كيف يتكون الماضي التام؟ ( نأخذ فعل play كمثال)
يتكون التام بوضع had + past participle
played
had I
played
had You
played
had He
played
had She
played
had It
played
had We
played
had You
played
had They
كيف يتكون النفي في الماضي التام؟( نأخذ فعل play كمثال)
يتكون النفي في الماضي التام بوضع كلمة not بين had و past participle .
played
not
had I
played
not
had You
played
not
had He
played
not
had She
played
not
had It
played
not
had We
played
not
had You
played
not
had They
كيف نطرح السؤال في الماضي التام؟( نأخذ فعل play كمثال)
يتكون السؤال في الماضي التام بوضع had مكان الفاعل و الفاعل مكان had
played?
I
had
played?
You
had
played?
He
had
played?
She
had
played?
It
had
played?
We
had
played?
You
had
played?
They
had
ملاحظة: يمكن أن نستخدم الصيغة الكاملة لكلمة had أو الصيغة المختصرة d’ و يبقى المعنى هو نفسه.