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Present Perfect Tense

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
السلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
1. Form
she,he,it+has+ the past participle of the main verb.
they,we,i,you+have+ the past participle of the main verb.

2. Use
The present perfect is used for a complete action: We are thinking of the result when describing:

EXAMPLES:

1. An action or situation that started in the past and continues in the present.

I have lived in Canada since 1984. (and I still do)

2. An action performed during a period that has not yet finished.

She has been to the doctor twice this week. (and the week isn’t over yet)

3. A repeated action in an unspecified period between the past and now.

We have visited London several times.

4. An action that was completed in the very recent past (expressed by ‘just’)

I have just finished my work.

5. An action when the result is very important but the time is not.

He has seen ‘Harry Potter’.

Present perfect OR past simple?

Very Important: When we want to give or ask details about when, where, who, we use the simple past.

Example: He saw ‘Harry Potter’ last week.

Use the present perfect when the time is not important.
Use the simple past when the time or place is important.

PRESENT PERFECT + for, since

When talking about the length of time (duration), we use the present perfect with for + a period of time.
When talking about a starting point, we use the present perfect with since + a point in time.

For + a period of time:

for six years, for a week, for a month, for hours, for two hours.

I have worked here for five years. She has lived here for twenty years. They have been married for six months.

Since + a point in time:

since this morning, since last week, since yesterday,
since I was 12, since Friday, since 6 o’clock.

I have lived here since 1998. They have been married since June. We have been at this school since last year.

F PRESENT PERFECT + adverbs (ever, never, already, yet, still)
‘Ever’ and ‘never’ are always placed before the past participle.

‘Ever’ = sometime before now, is used:

a. in questions
Have you ever been to Canada?
Has she ever met someone famous?

b. in negative questions
Haven’t they ever been to Canada?
Haven’t you ever eaten Thai food?

c. and in negative statements using the pattern nothing…….ever, nobody…….ever e.g.
Nobody has ever said that to me before.
Nothing like that has ever happened to me.

d. ‘Ever’ is also used with ‘The first time…. e.g.
It’s the first time I’ve ever eaten Thai food.
This is the first time I’ve ever been to Canada.

‘Never’ = not ever. Never is used after have/has.
I have never visited London. I’ve never been so sick.

Already, yet and still. It can be placed before the main verb (past participle) or at the end of the sentence.

Already = sooner than expected, is used:

a. I’ve already heard the story five times.
b. Most people have already gone.

It is also used in questions:

a. Have you already rang Mike?
b. Has he arrived already?

Yet is used in negative statements and questions when we are expecting something to happen and goes at the end of the sentence.

a. Have you bought a ticket yet?
b. I haven’t met her yet.
c. Has your course started yet?
d. They haven’t arrived yet.

Still = continuing longer than expected. Still is stronger than yet and often expresses surprise that a situation has continued for so long.

a. She isn’t home yet. She’s still at work.
b. I still haven’t found what I’m looking for.
c. I’m still thinking about it.




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The past Perfect

The past Perfect

الماضي التام

متى نستخدم الماضي التام؟

نستخدم الماضي التام عندما تكون عندنا جملة فيها حدثين حصلا في الماضي ونريد أن نبين بأن الحدث الأول سبق الحدث الثاني.مثلا:

البارحة؛ شاهدت التلفزيون بعد ذالك ذهبت إلى الفراش. (في هذه الجملة يوجد حدثين. الأول هو مشاهدة التلفزيون و الثاني هو الذهاب إلى الفراش. لكي نميز في اللغة الإنجليزية بأن الحدث الأول وقع قبل الحدث الثاني نضع الفعل في الحدث الأول في الماضي التام ونضع الفعل في الحدث الثاني في الماضي البسيط) فنقول:

الجملة بصوتLast night , after I had watched television I went to bed

البارحة بعدما شاهدت التلفزيون ذهبت إلى الفراش

كيف يتكون الماضي التام؟ ( نأخذ فعل play كمثال)
يتكون التام بوضع had + past participle

played
had I

played
had You

played
had He

played
had She

played
had It

played
had We

played
had You

played
had They

كيف يتكون النفي في الماضي التام؟( نأخذ فعل play كمثال)
يتكون النفي في الماضي التام بوضع كلمة not بين had و past participle .

played
not
had I

played
not
had You

played
not
had He

played
not
had She

played
not
had It

played
not
had We

played
not
had You

played
not
had They

كيف نطرح السؤال في الماضي التام؟( نأخذ فعل play كمثال)

يتكون السؤال في الماضي التام بوضع had مكان الفاعل و الفاعل مكان had

played?
I
had
played?
You
had
played?
He
had
played?
She
had
played?
It
had
played?
We
had
played?
You
had
played?
They
had

ملاحظة: يمكن أن نستخدم الصيغة الكاملة لكلمة had أو الصيغة المختصرة d’ و يبقى المعنى هو نفسه.




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Future continuous Future perfect ،’

The future continuous (will be + ‘ing’ form) and the future perfect (will have + past participle) tenses are used to talk about events in the future.

Future continuous

  • Don’t ring at 8 o’clock. I’ll be watching Who Wants to be a Millionaire.
  • This time tomorrow we’ll be sitting on the beach. I can’t wait!

We use the future continuous to talk about something that will be in progress at or around a time in the future.

  • Don’t phone grandma now, she’ll be having dinner.
  • The kids are very quiet. They’ll be doing something wrong, I know it!
These sentences are not about the future but we can use the future continuous to talk about what we assume is happening at the moment.

Future Perfect

  • Do you think you will have finished it by next Thursday?
  • In 5 years time I’ll have finished university and I’ll be able to earn some money at last.
We use the future perfect to say that something will be finished by a particular time in the future.

We often use the future perfect with ‘by’ or ‘in

  • I think astronauts will have landed on Mars by the year 2022.
  • I’ll have finished in an hour and then you can use the computer.
By’ means ‘not later than a particular time’ and ‘in’ means ‘within a period of time’. We don’t know exactly when something will finish.
  • I promise I’ll have done all the work by next Saturday.
We don’t know exactly when he will finish the work – maybe Thursday, maybe Friday – but definitely before Saturday.




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