Using Adverb clauses to show time relationships
استخدام أشبه الجمل الزمنية و علاقتها بأزمنة الفعل
استخدام أشبه الجمل الزمنية و علاقتها بأزمنة الفعل
1-Afterbefore:
إذا كانت محتواه في أشباه الجمل الزمنية نستخدم الحاضر و ليس المستقبل
من الخطأ القول
Wrong = I will leave before he will come.
و الصحيح القول
Correct = I will leave before he comes.
2-When:
عندما
تستخدم مع الحاضر و الماضي على السواء و تفترض وجود فعلين في الجملة
-I saw him when he arrived.
-When I arrived, he was talking on the phone.
-When I got there, he had already left.
-When it began to rain, I stood under a tree.
-When I see him tomorrow, I will ask him.
-I saw him when he arrived.
-When I arrived, he was talking on the phone.
-When I got there, he had already left.
-When it began to rain, I stood under a tree.
-When I see him tomorrow, I will ask him.
3-while/as:
بينما
تستخدم مع الماضي المستمر للإشارة إلى استمرارية الفعل عند حدوث فعل آخر
-While I was walking home, it began to rain.
-As I was walking home, it began to rain.
-While he was playing, he broke his leg.
-As he was playing, he broke his leg.
-While I was walking home, it began to rain.
-As I was walking home, it began to rain.
-While he was playing, he broke his leg.
-As he was playing, he broke his leg.
4-By the time:
في الوقت الذي
تستخدم مع الفعل الذي أنجز قبل أن يحدث الفعل الآخر سواءً مع الحاضر أو الماضي
-By the time he arrived, we had already left.
-By the time he comes, we will already have left.
-By the time he finishes his work, I will call him.
-By the time he arrived, we had already left.
-By the time he comes, we will already have left.
-By the time he finishes his work, I will call him.
5-Since:
منذ
تستخدم للإشارة إلى زمن حدوث الفعل من الماضي و حتى الحاضر. و تستخدم حصراً مع الماضي التام
-She hasn’t visited us since last spring.
-I haven’t seen him since he left this morning.
-She hasn’t visited us since last spring.
-I haven’t seen him since he left this morning.
6-Untiltill:
حتى
تستخدم للإشارة إلى مدة من الزمن من الماضي و حتى الحاضر
-We stayed there until we finished our work.
-We stayed there till we finished our work.
-We stayed there until we finished our work.
-We stayed there till we finished our work.
7-As soon asonce:
حالما – عندما
تستخدم للإشارة إلى فعل سيحدث بعد فعل آخر
-As soon as it stops raining, we will leave.
-Once it stops raining, we will leave.
-As soon as it stops raining, we will leave.
-Once it stops raining, we will leave.
8-As long asso long as:
طالما
تستخدم للإشارة إلى مدة من الزمن من بدايتها و حتى نهايتها و تفترض وجود فعلين متلازمين
-I will never speak to him again as long as I live.
-I will never speak to him again so long as I live.
-I will never speak to him again as long as I live.
-I will never speak to him again so long as I live.
9-Wheneverevery time:
كلما – كل مرة
و تشير إلى عادة أو تقليد
-Whenever I see her, I say hello.
-Every time I see her, I say hello.
-Whenever I visit him, he is busy.
-Whenever I see her, I say hello.
-Every time I see her, I say hello.
-Whenever I visit him, he is busy.
10-The (first – second – third – last – next) time:
تستخدم لتقديم أشباه الجمل الظرفية
-The first time I went to New York, I went to an opera.
-I saw two plays the last time I went to New York.
-The next time I go to New York, I’m going to see a ballet.
-He was sick the last time I saw him.
-The next time we play, we will win.
-I saw two plays the last time I went to New York.
-The next time I go to New York, I’m going to see a ballet.
-He was sick the last time I saw him.
-The next time we play, we will win.
م/ن
