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دَرس اللُغة الإنجلِيزِيَة : Using “a” and “an” Before Words

*** Using “a” and “an” Before Words ***

The Rule

The rule states that “a” should be used before words that begin
with consonants, while “an” should be used before words
that begin with vowels
Notice, however, that the usage is determined by the pronunciation
and not by the spelling, as many people wrongly assume
"You should say, therefore, “an hour
(because hour begins with a vowel sound)
(and “a history” (because history begins with a consonant sound
Similarly you should say “a union” even if union begins with a “u.” That
is because the pronunciation begins with “yu”, which
is a consonant sound

Abbreviations

Deciding which version you should use with abbreviations is the tricky
part. First of all you need to understand if the abbreviation is pronounced
.as a single word or letter by letter
"While we say “a light-water reactor,” the abbreviation is “an LWR
Similarly, you should use “an NBC reporter”
(because “NBC” is pronounced “enbisi”)
(and “a NATO authority” (because “NATO” begins with a “ne” sound

تم بإذن الله




م/ن



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Using Adverb clauses ♥♥♥

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Using Adverb clauses to show time relationships
استخدام أشبه الجمل الزمنية و علاقتها بأزمنة الفعل

1-Afterbefore:
إذا كانت محتواه في أشباه الجمل الزمنية نستخدم الحاضر و ليس المستقبل
من الخطأ القول
Wrong = I will leave before he will come.
و الصحيح القول
Correct = I will leave before he comes.

2-When:

عندما

تستخدم مع الحاضر و الماضي على السواء و تفترض وجود فعلين في الجملة
-I saw him when he arrived.
-When I arrived, he was talking on the phone.
-When I got there, he had already left.
-When it began to rain, I stood under a tree.
-When I see him tomorrow, I will ask him.

3-while/as:

بينما

تستخدم مع الماضي المستمر للإشارة إلى استمرارية الفعل عند حدوث فعل آخر
-While I was walking home, it began to rain.
-As I was walking home, it began to rain.
-While he was playing, he broke his leg.
-As he was playing, he broke his leg.

4-By the time:

في الوقت الذي

تستخدم مع الفعل الذي أنجز قبل أن يحدث الفعل الآخر سواءً مع الحاضر أو الماضي
-By the time he arrived, we had already left.
-By the time he comes, we will already have left.
-By the time he finishes his work, I will call him.

5-Since:

منذ

تستخدم للإشارة إلى زمن حدوث الفعل من الماضي و حتى الحاضر. و تستخدم حصراً مع الماضي التام
-She hasn’t visited us since last spring.
-I haven’t seen him since he left this morning.

6-Untiltill:

حتى

تستخدم للإشارة إلى مدة من الزمن من الماضي و حتى الحاضر
-We stayed there until we finished our work.
-We stayed there till we finished our work.

7-As soon asonce:

حالما – عندما

تستخدم للإشارة إلى فعل سيحدث بعد فعل آخر
-As soon as it stops raining, we will leave.
-Once it stops raining, we will leave.

8-As long asso long as:

طالما

تستخدم للإشارة إلى مدة من الزمن من بدايتها و حتى نهايتها و تفترض وجود فعلين متلازمين
-I will never speak to him again as long as I live.
-I will never speak to him again so long as I live.

9-Wheneverevery time:

كلما – كل مرة

و تشير إلى عادة أو تقليد
-Whenever I see her, I say hello.
-Every time I see her, I say hello.
-Whenever I visit him, he is busy.

10-The (first – second – third – last – next) time:

تستخدم لتقديم أشباه الجمل الظرفية

-The first time I went to New York, I went to an opera.
-I saw two plays the last time I went to New York.
-The next time I go to New York, I’m going to see a ballet.
-He was sick the last time I saw him.
-The next time we play, we will win.




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Using Little, Littlest, and Least "


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<B><B>."The word little can be used in two different senses–meaning "small in size" or "small amount of

(Examples: He was still a little boy. (small in size
(Please give me a little milk. (small amount of

.This becomes trickier in the comparative and superlative because little has two different forms
.If little means "small in size," the comparative is littler or more little, and the superlative is littlest
.If little means "small amount of," the comparative is less, and the superlative is least

.Examples: He was the littlest boy in the class
.Please give me less milk than he has
.He drank the least amount of milk of anyone there

</B></B>




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Thanks for your efforts
Really I like your topic
God bless you

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خليجية



Thanks for the comments ..



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Using Pronouns Clearly

خليجية

Using Pronouns Clearly

Because a pronoun REFERS to a noun or TAKES THE PLACE OF that noun, you have to use the correct pronoun so that your reader clearly understands which noun your pronoun is referring to. Therefore, pronouns should: 1. Agree in number If the pronoun takes the place of a singular noun, you have to use a singular pronoun. If a student parks a car on campus, he or she has to buy a parking sticker. (NOT: If a student parks a car on campus, they have to buy a parking sticker.) Remember: the words everybody, anybody, anyone, each, neither, nobody, someone, a person, etc. are singular and take singular pronouns. Everybody ought to do his or her best. (NOT: their best) Neither of the girls brought her umbrella. (NOT: their umbrellas) NOTE: Many people find t he construction "his or her" wordy, so if it is possible to use a plural noun as your antecedent so that you can use "they" as your pronoun, it may be wise to do so. If you do use a singular noun and the context makes the gender clear, then it is permissible to use just "his" or "her" rather than "his or her." 2. Agree in person If you are writing in the "first person" (I), don’t confuse your reader by switching to the "second person" (you) or "third person" (he, she, they, it, etc.). Similarly, if you are using the "second person," don’t switch to "first" or "third." When a person comes to class, he or she should have his or her homework ready. (NOT: When a person comes to class, you should have your homework ready.)




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xxx

الله يـع’ـــطــيكم الع’ــاأإأفــيه ..
.. بنتظـأإأإأر ج’ـــديــــدكم الممـــيز ..
.. تقــبل ــو م’ـــروري ..
كل أإألــــ ود خليجية وباأإأإقــة ورد خليجية
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Thanks for the passing